Overview
Overview
EXCEPTIONAL QUALITY
EXCEPTIONAL QUALITY
TCL QD-Mini LED
QLED with Mini LED
TCL's QD-Mini LED merges the merits of QLED and OLED, transforming the traditional backlight into pixel-level precision lighting. It also uses the world's leading QLED technology, offering contrast and color gamut on par with OLED, yet boasting higher peak brightness and longevity. This is the future of large-screen display technology.
1536 Local Dimming Zones | HDR 2400 nits | QLED PRO | TCL All-domain Halo Control Technology
TCL QD-Mini LED
QLED with Mini LED
TCL's QD-Mini LED merges the merits of QLED and OLED, transforming the traditional backlight into pixel-level precision lighting. It also uses the world's leading QLED technology, offering contrast and color gamut on par with OLED, yet boasting higher peak brightness and longevity. This is the future of large-screen display technology.
1536 Local Dimming Zones
HDR 2400 nits
QLED PRO
TCL All-domain Halo Control Technology
1536 Local Dimming Zones
TCL C765 is equipped with 1536 local dimming zones that cast pixel-level light control, delivering fabulous lifelike details.
*Features, specs vary by model, screen size and region.
1536 Local Dimming Zones
TCL C765 is equipped with 1536 local dimming zones that cast pixel-level light control, delivering fabulous lifelike details.
*Features, specs vary by model, screen size and region.
1536 Local Dimming Zones
Picture Quality close to OLED
500-level Local Dimming Zones
Picture Quality greatly improved
100-level Local Diming Zones
Picture Quality is relatively ordinary
1536 Local Dimming Zones
Picture Quality close to OLED
Picture Quality close to OLED
1536 Local Dimming Zones
Picture Quality close to OLED
Picture Quality close to OLED
500-level Local Dimming Zones
Picture Quality greatly improved
Picture Quality greatly improved
500-level Local Dimming Zones
Picture Quality greatly improved
Picture Quality greatly improved
100-level Local Diming Zones
Picture Quality is relatively ordinary
Picture Quality is relatively ordinary
100-level Local Diming Zones
Picture Quality is relatively ordinary
Picture Quality is relatively ordinary
HDR 2400 nits
With brightness of 2400 nits and an ultra-high contrast ratio of 24 million to 1, C765 comes with a remarkable vivid visual for variable lighting conditions, even in broad daylight. Enjoy the details hidden in the sunny or shadowy scene.
*2400nits peak brightness test data from TCL laboratory. Different test environments/standards may cause deviations in results.
*Features, specs vary by model, screen size and region.
HDR 2400 nits
With brightness of 2400 nits and an ultra-high contrast ratio of 24 million to 1, C765 comes with a remarkable vivid visual for variable lighting conditions, even in broad daylight. Enjoy the details hidden in the sunny or shadowy scene.
*2400nits peak brightness test data from TCL laboratory. Different test environments/standards may cause deviations in results.
*Features, specs vary by model, screen size and region.
HDR 2400nits
The New Generation Mini LED
1000nits
The Traditional Mini LED
HDR 2400nits
The New Generation Mini LED
The New Generation Mini LED
HDR 2400nits
The New Generation Mini LED
The New Generation Mini LED
1000nits
The Traditional Mini LED
The Traditional Mini LED
1000nits
The Traditional Mini LED
The Traditional Mini LED
TCL All-domain Halo Control Technology
No halo, more clarity
The TCL all-domain Halo Control Technology uses Six-crystal Light-emitting chip Ⅱ and customised optical imaging micro lens, combined with backlight response algorithms and a HVA PRO screen to achieve entire path picture quality tuning, to effectively solve the halo problem and deliver a beautiful viewing experience.
Six-crystal Light-emitting Chip Ⅱ | Optical Imaging Micro Lens | Bidirectional 16-bit | Transient Response
TCL All-domain Halo Control Technology
No halo, more clarity
The TCL all-domain Halo Control Technology uses Six-crystal Light-emitting chip Ⅱ and customised optical imaging micro lens, combined with backlight response algorithms and a HVA PRO screen to achieve entire path picture quality tuning, to effectively solve the halo problem and deliver a beautiful viewing experience.
Six-crystal Light-emitting Chip Ⅱ
Optical Imaging Micro Lens
Bidirectional 16-bit
Transient Response
Strong Halo Control
Good Picture without halo
Weak Halo Control
Poor Picture with halo
Strong Halo Control
Good Picture without halo
Good Picture without halo
Strong Halo Control
Good Picture without halo
Good Picture without halo
Weak Halo Control
Poor Picture with halo
Poor Picture with halo
Weak Halo Control
Poor Picture with halo
Poor Picture with halo
Six-crystal Light-emitting chip Ⅱ
Master light and dark, capture intricate details
Compared with traditional single-core LED chips, C765's ground-breaking 6-core LED chips significantly improve brightness and energy efficiency, and reproduce natural bright and dark scenes with clarity.
*Brightness & energy efficiency improvement data quoted from the TCL laboratory. Different test environments/standards may cause deviations in results.
Six-crystal Light-emitting chip Ⅱ
Master light and dark, capture intricate details
Compared with traditional single-core LED chips, C765's ground-breaking 6-core LED chips significantly improve brightness and energy efficiency, and reproduce natural bright and dark scenes with clarity.
*Brightness & energy efficiency improvement data quoted from the TCL laboratory. Different test environments/standards may cause deviations in results.
Six-crystal Light-emitting chip Ⅱ
6 luminous cores
Traditional Mini Led chip
1 luminous core
Six-crystal Light-emitting chip Ⅱ
6 luminous cores
6 luminous cores
Six-crystal Light-emitting chip Ⅱ
6 luminous cores
6 luminous cores
Traditional Mini Led chip
1 luminous core
1 luminous core
Traditional Mini Led chip
1 luminous core
1 luminous core
Optical Imaging Micro Lens
More uniform brightness, a clearer picture
The optical imaging micro lens, made from yellowing-resistant optical materials, use micron-level precision carving technology to control light direction. With a backlight uniformity of 95% and an 8x improvement in optical stability, picture details are further enhanced.
*The backlight uniformity data was quoted from the TCL laboratory. Different test environments/standards may cause deviations in results.
Optical Imaging Micro Lens
More uniform brightness, a clearer picture
The optical imaging micro lens, made from yellowing-resistant optical materials, use micron-level precision carving technology to control light direction. With a backlight uniformity of 95% and an 8x improvement in optical stability, picture details are further enhanced.
*The backlight uniformity data was quoted from the TCL laboratory. Different test environments/standards may cause deviations in results.
Optical Imaging Micro Lens
Strong Halo Control
Traditional Lens
Weak Halo Control
Optical Imaging Micro Lens
Strong Halo Control
Strong Halo Control
Optical Imaging Micro Lens
Strong Halo Control
Strong Halo Control
Traditional Lens
Weak Halo Control
Weak Halo Control
Traditional Lens
Weak Halo Control
Weak Halo Control
Transient Response
Transient response can prevent dark shadows, bright spots, and trailing caused by backlight lag in motion picture. It makes the motion picture sharper and enhances your viewing experience.
Transient Response
Transient response can prevent dark shadows, bright spots, and trailing caused by backlight lag in motion picture. It makes the motion picture sharper and enhances your viewing experience.
After transient response optimisation
Fast backlight response, bright enough, yet dark enough
Before transient response optimisation
Slow backlight response, dark shadows and bright spots on the screen
After transient response optimisation
Fast backlight response, bright enough, yet dark enough
After transient response optimisation
Fast backlight response, bright enough, yet dark enough
Before transient response optimisation
Slow backlight response, dark shadows and bright spots on the screen
Before transient response optimisation
Slow backlight response, dark shadows and bright spots on the screen
Bidirectional 16-bit
With 16-bit screen content sensing capability, it can carry out 65,000 levels of precise control of area backlighting, bringing clearer and more realistic display effects through real-time screen backlighting adjustment.
Bidirectional 16-bit
With 16-bit screen content sensing capability, it can carry out 65,000 levels of precise control of area backlighting, bringing clearer and more realistic display effects through real-time screen backlighting adjustment.
Bidirectional 16-bit Light Control Effect
Traditional Light Control Effect
Bidirectional 16-bit Light Control Effect
Bidirectional 16-bit Light Control Effect
Traditional Light Control Effect
Traditional Light Control Effect
HVA PRO
Double the clarity and full marks for detail
Using nano-level bionic technology, polyimide is added to the liquid crystal molecule to form a butterfly wingsuit microstructure, which effectively improves the contrast while removing the halo and ambient light interference of the picture, presenting a clearer and more delicate stunning picture quality.
*The data was quoted from the TCL laboratory. Different test environments/standards may cause deviations in results.
5x Contrast Enhancement | Anti-glare | No Halo | ＞178° Viewing Angle
HVA PRO
Double the clarity and full marks for detail
Using nano-level bionic technology, polyimide is added to the liquid crystal molecule to form a butterfly wingsuit microstructure, which effectively improves the contrast while removing the halo and ambient light interference of the picture, presenting a clearer and more delicate stunning picture quality.
*The data was quoted from the TCL laboratory. Different test environments/standards may cause deviations in results.
5x Contrast Enhancement | Anti-glare | No Halo | ＞178° Viewing Angle
HVA PRO
Traditional Screen
HVA PRO
HVA PRO
Traditional Screen
Traditional Screen
QLED PRO
Vivid visuals, lifelike colors
Immerse yourself in a kaleidoscope of colors, where every shade comes to life with unmatched brilliance and depth.
95% DCI-P3 Quantum Dot Wide Colour Gamut | ΔE<0.99 | No Fading for 10 Years
QLED PRO
Vivid visuals, lifelike colors
Immerse yourself in a kaleidoscope of colors, where every shade comes to life with unmatched brilliance and depth.
95% DCI-P3 Quantum Dot Wide Colour Gamut | ΔE<0.99 | No Fading for 10 Years
AiPQ PRO PROCESSOR
A clever mind spoils your eyes
This is an AI picture quality processor that perceives and thinks like a clever mind to capture every detail in the real world into its rich database and to perform simulation and optimization based on human recognition. It finally reproduces visual outputs based on vibrant color, excellent contrast, and crystal clarity as you see in the natural world.
AiPQ PRO PROCESSOR
A clever mind spoils your eyes
This is an AI picture quality processor that perceives and thinks like a clever mind to capture every detail in the real world into its rich database and to perform simulation and optimization based on human recognition. It finally reproduces visual outputs based on vibrant color, excellent contrast, and crystal clarity as you see in the natural world.
Ai-Contrast
Perfectly balanced light and shadow
The TCL AiPQ Processor enhances image optimization by recognizing multiple objects in the image. It achieves a peak brightness of 2400 nits and a contrast ratio of up to 24,000,000:1. With 1536 local dimming zones, enjoy a vivid and pleasant viewing experience with harmonious brightness and darkness.
Ai-Contrast
Perfectly balanced light and shadow
The TCL AiPQ Processor enhances image optimization by recognizing multiple objects in the image. It achieves a peak brightness of 2400 nits and a contrast ratio of up to 24,000,000:1. With 1536 local dimming zones, enjoy a vivid and pleasant viewing experience with harmonious brightness and darkness.
Ai-Clarity
Crystal clear vision than ever
TCL Ai-CLARITY calls the rich database of AiPQ processor to rebuild every missing detail intelligently, cancel annoying noise precisely, and even upscale higher definition from 2K signal to 4K output at the pixel level.
Ai-Clarity
Crystal clear vision than ever
TCL Ai-CLARITY calls the rich database of AiPQ processor to rebuild every missing detail intelligently, cancel annoying noise precisely, and even upscale higher definition from 2K signal to 4K output at the pixel level.
Ai-Color
True color inspired by the creator
TCL Ai-COLOR possesses up to 100% color volume and 95% DCI-P3 color gamut, which accurately perceives micro color details in the real world via TCL AiPQ processor database. Every frame you see is tuned, corrected, and enhanced to a vivid lifelike vision under more than 1,000,000,000 color hues.
Ai-Color
True color inspired by the creator
TCL Ai-COLOR possesses up to 100% color volume and 95% DCI-P3 color gamut, which accurately perceives micro color details in the real world via TCL AiPQ processor database. Every frame you see is tuned, corrected, and enhanced to a vivid lifelike vision under more than 1,000,000,000 color hues.
Ai-Motion
Actional scenes and smooth details
Powered by TCL AiPQ PRO PROCESSOR, Ai-MOTION detects fast-moving objects sensitively in their size and position in the image. It calculates motion in terms of frame number with up to 144Hz VRR and 120Hz MEMC, just to restore the silky-smooth image in compensating for blurring and tearing in the exciting sports, games, and movies.
Ai-Motion
Actional scenes and smooth details
Powered by TCL AiPQ PRO PROCESSOR, Ai-MOTION detects fast-moving objects sensitively in their size and position in the image. It calculates motion in terms of frame number with up to 144Hz VRR and 120Hz MEMC, just to restore the silky-smooth image in compensating for blurring and tearing in the exciting sports, games, and movies.
Ai-HDR
Full range of HDR
The Powerful TCL Ai-HDR supports almost all HDR formats such as Dolby Vision, HDR 10+, HDR10, HLG, etc. And plus, it could upscale SDR to HDR by enhancing the picture quality in movies and shows with a wider range of colors with brighter highlights.
Ai-HDR
Full range of HDR
The Powerful TCL Ai-HDR supports almost all HDR formats such as Dolby Vision, HDR 10+, HDR10, HLG, etc. And plus, it could upscale SDR to HDR by enhancing the picture quality in movies and shows with a wider range of colors with brighter highlights.
Ai-Scene
More immersive experience
TCL Ai-SCENE has powerful intelligent perception capabilities. It performs outstanding recognition, scene analysis, and algorithm tuning of image content to achieve pixel-level image optimization, bringing you a more immersive viewing, sports, and gaming experience.
Ai-Scene
More immersive experience
TCL Ai-SCENE has powerful intelligent perception capabilities. It performs outstanding recognition, scene analysis, and algorithm tuning of image content to achieve pixel-level image optimization, bringing you a more immersive viewing, sports, and gaming experience.
144Hz VRR
Reinventing the gaming experience
Enjoy a smooth and immersive gaming experience on your C765 TV. Up to 144Hz VRR and 240Hz Game Accelerater adapt to different input frame rates in real time, preventing screen tearing and ensuring a high-firing gaming experience the whole time.
144Hz VRR
Reinventing the gaming experience
Enjoy a smooth and immersive gaming experience on your C765 TV. Up to 144Hz VRR and 240Hz Game Accelerater adapt to different input frame rates in real time, preventing screen tearing and ensuring a high-firing gaming experience the whole time.
IMMERSIVE SOUND
IMMERSIVE SOUND
ONKYO 2.1CH
Enjoy depth and excitement
2.1 Channel with ground shaking subwoofer, you could experience stereo sound and deep bass, and feel distinctive sound quality.
*Features, specs vary by model, screen size and region.
2.1 Channel up to 60W | 20W Independent Bass Speaker | 3 Independent Amplifier Chips | Star Ring Sound Channel | T-symphony
ONKYO 2.1CH
Enjoy depth and excitement
2.1 Channel with ground shaking subwoofer, you could experience stereo sound and deep bass, and feel distinctive sound quality.
*Features, specs vary by model, screen size and region.
2.1 Channel up to 60W
20W Independent Bass Speaker
3 Independent Amplifier Chips
Star Ring Sound Channel
T-symphony
Dolby Atmos
Dive into sound reimagined
Revealing unprecedented depth, clarity, and details, Dolby Atmos offers a surround sound experience that envelops you.
*Dolby Atmos is a trademark of Dolby Laboratories.
Dolby Atmos
Dive into sound reimagined
Revealing unprecedented depth, clarity, and details, Dolby Atmos offers a surround sound experience that envelops you.
*Dolby Atmos is a trademark of Dolby Laboratories.
DTS Virtual:X
Virtualized 3D sound
DTS Virtual:X makes an enveloping sound that appears to emerge above, besides, and behind you, providing an immersive experience in any space.
DTS Virtual:X
Virtualized 3D sound
DTS Virtual:X makes an enveloping sound that appears to emerge above, besides, and behind you, providing an immersive experience in any space.
AUTHORITATIVE PICTURE QUALITY CERTIFICATION
AUTHORITATIVE PICTURE QUALITY CERTIFICATION
EXCEPTIONAL CARE & SMART
EXCEPTIONAL CARE & SMART
Multiple Eye Care
Comprehensive eye protection
Supports low blue light, overclocking and flicker-free, ambient light adaptive, MEMC motion stabilization, natural light and other protection technologies, certified with TÜV Low Blue Light and TÜV Flicker Free, vision health protection in all aspects.
Multiple Eye Care
Comprehensive eye protection
Supports low blue light, overclocking and flicker-free, ambient light adaptive, MEMC motion stabilization, natural light and other protection technologies, certified with TÜV Low Blue Light and TÜV Flicker Free, vision health protection in all aspects.
Flicker Free
Natural Light
Low Blue Light
Motion
Compensation
Flicker Free
Flicker Free
Natural Light
Natural Light
Low Blue Light
Low Blue Light
Motion
Compensation
Motion Compensation
MORE FUN WITH TCL
MORE FUN WITH TCL
Game Master
Survive to the end
Experience incredible TCL Game Master features that customized for you, including Game Picture Mode Optimization, 32:9 Screen Ratio, ALLM, VRR, Shadow Enhancement, Aiming Aid, and more to keep you on top of every battle.
Game Master
Survive to the end
Experience incredible TCL Game Master features that customized for you, including Game Picture Mode Optimization, 32:9 Screen Ratio, ALLM, VRR, Shadow Enhancement, Aiming Aid, and more to keep you on top of every battle.
AMD FreeSync Premium Pro
No tearing. No stuttering. Just gaming
The AMD FreeSync technology promises seamless, artifact-free gameplay at almost any frame rate, putting an end to choppy gameplay and broken frames. Gaming in Dolby Vision allows you to access every bit of detail and depth the game has to offer. They are regarded as the next breakthrough in PC and console gaming.
AMD FreeSync Premium Pro
No tearing. No stuttering. Just gaming
The AMD FreeSync technology promises seamless, artifact-free gameplay at almost any frame rate, putting an end to choppy gameplay and broken frames. Gaming in Dolby Vision allows you to access every bit of detail and depth the game has to offer. They are regarded as the next breakthrough in PC and console gaming.
Game Picture Mode
Choose your preferred picture mode from the original, FPV, and RPG in Game Bar, and indulge yourself in an immersive gaming experience.
Game Picture Mode
Choose your preferred picture mode from the original, FPV, and RPG in Game Bar, and indulge yourself in an immersive gaming experience.
ALLM
The Low Latency Mode automatically reduces response time to around 6ms of input lag. You are always ahead of your enemies.
ALLM
The Low Latency Mode automatically reduces response time to around 6ms of input lag. You are always ahead of your enemies.
Shadow Enhancement
With Shadow Enhancement, you may always be the first to discover what lurks in the deepest shadows, destroy the enemy's trap, and, most importantly, win the battle.
Shadow Enhancement
With Shadow Enhancement, you may always be the first to discover what lurks in the deepest shadows, destroy the enemy's trap, and, most importantly, win the battle.
Aiming Aid
From first blood to legendary, Aiming Aid helps you quickly and effortlessly aim at your target. Find Aiming Aid in the game bar and activate it!
Aiming Aid
From first blood to legendary, Aiming Aid helps you quickly and effortlessly aim at your target. Find Aiming Aid in the game bar and activate it!
EXCEPTIONAL DESIGN
EXCEPTIONAL DESIGN
Slim & Uni-body
Embrace the artistry of Uni-body design
With its slim profile and seamless panel, TCL C765 effortlessly integrates into any environment, wall-mounted for better looks, turning your home into a captivating masterpiece. Experience the perfect fusion of art and technology.
*Pictures are for reference only, the installation effect may appear differently.
Slim & Uni-body
Embrace the artistry of Uni-body design
With its slim profile and seamless panel, TCL C765 effortlessly integrates into any environment, wall-mounted for better looks, turning your home into a captivating masterpiece. Experience the perfect fusion of art and technology.
*Pictures are for reference only, the installation effect may appear differently.
C765, Beautiful and Classy
Traditional TV
C765, Beautiful and Classy
C765, Beautiful and Classy
Traditional TV
Traditional TV
Wall mounted effect of C765
Traditional TV
Wall mounted effect of C765
Wall mounted effect of C765
Traditional TV
Traditional TV
Bezel-less
More screens, fewer limits
The three-sided, frameless design of C765 makes it possible to view content in full-screen and at a wider angle while yet feeling immersed in the action.
Bezel-less
More screens, fewer limits
The three-sided, frameless design of C765 makes it possible to view content in full-screen and at a wider angle while yet feeling immersed in the action.
Google TV
Entertainment you love. With help from Google.
Discover new movies and shows from across your subscriptions and content available to you. Suggestions based on what you've watched and what interests you will make it easier to find your next favorite.
*Google TV is the name of this device's software experience and a trademark of Google LLC. Google YouTube, Google Meet, YouTube Kids, and other marks are trademarks of Google LLC.
Google TV
Entertainment you love. With help from Google.
Discover new movies and shows from across your subscriptions and content available to you. Suggestions based on what you've watched and what interests you will make it easier to find your next favorite.
*Google TV is the name of this device's software experience and a trademark of Google LLC. Google YouTube, Google Meet, YouTube Kids, and other marks are trademarks of Google LLC.
Chromecast Built-In
Stream from your phone.
Chromecast Built-In
Stream from your phone.
Hey Google
Do more on your TV with your voice.
Hey Google
Do more on your TV with your voice.
Google Meet
Stay connected with Google Meet.
Google Meet
Stay connected with Google Meet.
Kids profile
TV for the whole family.
Kids profile
TV for the whole family.
Larger Storage, Faster Speed
C765 increased storage space to 64GB, supporting massive downloads. Full bandwidth HDMI2.1 can meet your diverse entertainment needs.
HDMI2.1*4: Full Bandwidth HDMI2.1*2 | USB 3.0
Transfer Speeds are 
faster than HDMI2.0
Larger Storage, Faster Speed
C765 increased storage space to 64GB, supporting massive downloads. Full bandwidth HDMI2.1 can meet your diverse entertainment needs.
HDMI2.1*4: Full Bandwidth HDMI2.1*2 | USB 3.0
Transfer Speeds are 
faster than HDMI2.0
C765 supports AirPlay 2 and HomeKit
Connect your Apple device to your bigger screen instantly and more devices can get connected.
*This service only works when TV and mobile are turned on. Some smart TV apps may not support Vertical Mode.
*Apple and AirPlay 2 are trademarks of Apple Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries. AirPlay 2 requires iOS 12.3 or later, or macOS 10.14.5 or later.
C765 supports AirPlay 2 and HomeKit
Connect your Apple device to your bigger screen instantly and more devices can get connected.
*This service only works when TV and mobile are turned on. Some smart TV apps may not support Vertical Mode.
*Apple and AirPlay 2 are trademarks of Apple Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries. AirPlay 2 requires iOS 12.3 or later, or macOS 10.14.5 or later.
Multi View 2.0
A multi-tasking TV at your service
Try Quad Casting to watch up to four distinct programs at once. Take complete control of your huge screen with ease.
Multi View 2.0
A multi-tasking TV at your service
Try Quad Casting to watch up to four distinct programs at once. Take complete control of your huge screen with ease.
* To enjoy all smart features and services on your Google TV™ from TCL, a Google Account, a free TCL account, and a reliable broadband internet connection, are required.
*Google TV is the name of this device's software experience and a trademark of Google LLC. Google YouTube, Google Meet, YouTube Kids, and other marks are trademarks of Google LLC.
*Some apps, contents and/or features may not be available in all countries due to availability.
*Internet connection and subscriptions are required.
*All product descriptions, pricing and dimensions are approximate. Product availability, specifications and features are subject to change at any time, and from time to time, and without notice.
*Promotion materials may differ from actual scenes and UI interfaces.
*Actual products may differ slightly in appearance from the illustrations/pictures provided.
*The data was quoted from the TCL laboratory. Different test environments/standards may cause deviations in results.
* To enjoy all smart features and services on your Google TV™ from TCL, a Google Account, a free TCL account, and a reliable broadband internet connection, are required.
*Google TV is the name of this device's software experience and a trademark of Google LLC. Google YouTube, Google Meet, YouTube Kids, and other marks are trademarks of Google LLC.
*Some apps, contents and/or features may not be available in all countries due to availability.
*Internet connection and subscriptions are required.
*All product descriptions, pricing and dimensions are approximate. Product availability, specifications and features are subject to change at any time, and from time to time, and without notice.
*Promotion materials may differ from actual scenes and UI interfaces.
*Actual products may differ slightly in appearance from the illustrations/pictures provided.
*The data was quoted from the TCL laboratory. Different test environments/standards may cause deviations in results.
